Effects of Annual Growth Conditions on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in the Roots of Eryngium montanum.

Medicinal plants grown in natural settings are exposed to different adverse environmental conditions that determine their growth and development as well as the composition and concentration of secondary metabolites in their organs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions associated with localities and annual growth cycles on the contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and potentially bioactive phenolic acids in the roots of Eryngium montanum, a medicinal species from temperate Mexico. The samples for composition analysis were collected using a bifactorial design: Factor A consisted of the localities (Morelos and La Unión de San Martin Huamelulpam, Mexico) and Factor B was represented by the annual growth cycle (2020 and 2021). In each sample, the contents of polyphenols and equivalent flavonoids of quercetin and catechin and antioxidant activity were evaluated using spectrophotometry. Subsequently, chlorogenic, caffeic and rosmarinic acids were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). The annual growth conditions and, to a lesser extent, the locality of origin of the samples significantly influenced the contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The environmental conditions that occurred in 2021 favored an increase in the contents of phenolic compounds compared to those in 2020, and the same pattern was observed for chlorogenic acid; however, for caffeic and rosmarinic acids, the opposite pattern was observed. The content of phenolic acids in the roots of E. montanum follows different and independent patterns between cycles based on the interaction between the locality of origin and annual growth cycle. This study quantifies the magnitude of the total environmental effect on the phenolic compound concentrations in E. montanum roots, which was measured via sampling during two annual growth cycles, where the sampling locations factor had little influence. The bioactive compounds identified in E. montanum roots have the potential for use as alternative medicines, as mentioned by different families from Oaxaca, Mexico.

Importance of Confirmatory Tests for Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Mexican Registry

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test

Importance of Confirmatory Tests for Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Mexican Registry.

Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified. Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing. Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021. Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population. Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test.

A Very High-Speed Validation Scheme Based on Template Matching for Segmented Character Expiration Codes on Beverage Cans.

This paper expands upon a previous publication and is the natural continuation of an earlier study which presented an industrial validator of expiration codes printed on aluminium or tin cans, called MONICOD. MONICOD is distinguished by its high operating speed, running at 200 frames per second and validating up to 35 cans per second. This paper adds further detail to this description by describing the final stage of the MONICOD industrial validator: the process of effectively validating the characters. In this process we compare the acquired shapes, segmented during the prior stages, with expected character shapes. To do this, we use a template matching scheme (here called "morphologies") based on bitwise operations. Two learning algorithms for building the valid morphology databases are also presented. The results of the study presented here show that in the acquisition of 9885 frames containing 465 cans to be validated, there was only one false positive (0.21% of the total). Another notable feature is that it is at least 20% faster in validation time with error rates similar to those of classifiers such as support vector machines (SVM), radial base functions (RBF), multi-layer perceptron with backpropagation (MLP) and k-nearest neighbours (KNN).

Targeting thrombogenicity and inflammation in chronic HIV infection.

Persons with HIV infection (PWH) have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Coronary thrombosis is known to provoke myocardial infarctions, but whether PWH have elevated thrombotic propensity is unknown. We compared thrombogenicity of PWH on antiretroviral therapy versus matched controls using the Badimon chamber. Measures of inflammation, platelet reactivity, and innate immune activation were simultaneously performed. Enrolled PWH were then randomized to placebo, aspirin (81 mg), or clopidogrel (75 mg) for 24 weeks to assess treatment effects on study parameters. Thrombogenicity was significantly higher in PWH and correlated strongly with plasma levels of D-dimer, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and circulating classical and nonclassical monocytes in PWH. Clopidogrel significantly reduced thrombogenicity and sCD14. Our data suggest that higher thrombogenicity, interacting with inflammatory and immune activation markers, contributes to the increased CVD risk observed in PWH. Clopidogrel exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in addition to its antithrombotic effect in PWH.

Encefalopatía por contraste iodado: una patología que se debe tener en cuenta en el desarrollo de las exploraciones endovasculares / Iodinated contrast-induced encephalopathy: a pathology that must be borne in mind when carrying out endovascular examinations

Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado el número de exploraciones endovasculares en el estudio de la patología tanto cardiovascular como cerebrovascular. Una de las complicaciones poco frecuentes es la neurotoxicidad por contraste y su sospecha resulta imprescindible en el contexto de un déficit neurológico tras dichas exploraciones para llegar a su diagnóstico. Caso clínico. Varón de 61 años que tras una arteriografía diagnóstica en el estudio de una hemorragia subaracnoidea presentó una crisis epiléptica y posteriormente déficit hemisférico izquierdo. Tras descartar una patología vascular urgente, se realizó una resonancia magnética cerebral con sospecha de encefalopatía poscontraste. La clínica se limitó en 72 horas con corticoterapia. Conclusiones. La encefalopatía por contraste abarca un amplio espectro clínico, en la inmensa mayoría de los casos autolimitado en 24-72 horas, y en el contexto del daño neuronal tras la infusión de contraste. Su pronóstico es excelente y la sospecha diagnóstica es vital en el tratamiento (AU)

Introduction. In recent years there has been an increase in the number of endovascular examinations in the study of both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. One very infrequent complication is neurotoxicity due to contrast, and it must be suspected within the context of a neurological deficit following such examinations in order to be able to diagnose it. Case report. A 61-year-old male who presented an epileptic attack and later deficit in the left hemisphere following diagnostic arteriography. After ruling out the possibility of an urgent vascular pathology, he was submitted to a magnetic resonance brain scan with the suspicion of this condition. The clinical signs and symptoms were limited to 72 hours with cortisone therapy. Conclusions. Contrast-induced encephalopathy covers a wide range of clinical features which, in the vast majority of cases, are self-limiting to 24-72 hours, and within the context of neuronal damage following contrast infusion. Its prognosis is excellent, and diagnostic suspicion is crucial in its treatment (AU)

Viability, purity, and genetic stability of entomopathogenic fungi species using different preservation methods.

Preservation methods for entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) require effective protocols to ensure uniform processes and to avoid alterations during storage. The aim of this study was to preserve Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium acridum, M. anisopliae, M. rileyi, Isaria javanica, Hirsutella thompsonii, H. citriformis and Lecanicillium lecanii in mineral oil (MO), sterile water (SW), silica gel (SG), lyophilisation (L), ultracold-freezing at -70 °C, and cryopreservation at -196 °C. The viability and purity of the fungi were then verified: phenotypic characteristics were evaluated qualitatively at 6, 12 and 24 m. Genetic stability was tested by amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) analysis at 24 m. Of the eight species of EPF, three remained viable in SW, five in MO and L, six at -70 °C, seven in SG, and eight at -196 °C. No significant changes were observed in AFLP patterns at 24 m of storage. The most effective preservation methods for EPF were SG, L, -70 and -196 °C. Beauveria bassiana, M. acridum, M. anisopliae, M. rileyi and I. javanica remained stable with all methods, while the remaining species were less compatible. The optimisation of preservation methods for EPF facilitates the development of reliable protocols to ensure their inherent characteristics in culture collections.

A Character Segmentation Proposal for High-Speed Visual Monitoring of Expiration Codes on Beverage Cans.

Expiration date labels are ubiquitous in the food industry. With the passage of time, almost any food becomes unhealthy, even when well preserved. The expiration date is estimated based on the type and manufacture/packaging time of that particular food unit. This date is then printed on the container so it is available to the end user at the time of consumption. MONICOD (MONItoring of CODes); an industrial validator of expiration codes; allows the expiration code printed on a drink can to be read. This verification occurs immediately after printing. MONICOD faces difficulties due to the high printing rate (35 cans per second) and problematic lighting caused by the metallic surface on which the code is printed. This article describes a solution that allows MONICOD to extract shapes and presents quantitative results for the speed and quality.

Variación en contenido de minerales en frutos de variedades autóctonas de Chile (Capsicum annuum L), cultivadas en invernadero / Variation in minerals content in fruits of pepper (Capsicum annuum L) landraces, grown in greenhouse

Antecedentes: La malnutrición es un problema tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo, y en Latinoamérica, una opción viable es reconsiderar las dietas precolombinas tradicionales basadas en las especies endémicas. En Mesoamérica el chile o chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) desempeñó una función esencial, y perdura en la gastronomía mexicana. Objetivo: evaluar la variación entre y dentro de cinco morfotipos de chile (C. annuum L.) nativo de Oaxaca, México, en relación al contenido de minerales en fruto. Métodos: Una colección de 45 muestras poblacionales de chile, agrupadas en cinco morfotipos, nominados como chile de Agua, Tabiche, Piquín, Solterito y Nanche, fueron sembradas en invernadero bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. A la cosecha se obtuvo una muestra de 300 a 500 g de frutos por población, a partir de la que se obtuvieron cenizas solubilizadas en medio ácido, y la determinación de Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, y Ca se hizo por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica, y S y P se cuantificó mediante un espectrofotómetro UV-visible. Resultados: En el análisis de varianza se determinaron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) entre y dentro de morfotipos de C. annuum para todos los macro y microelementos evaluados. Solterito sobresalió en ocho elementos minerales, le siguen Piquín y de Agua. En contenido de Fe sobresalieron Piquín y Solterito con 8,0 y 8,5 mg/100 g de pesos seco de muestra. Dentro de cada morfotipo sobresalen diferentes poblaciones: CAG03 y CAG10 en chile de Agua; CNA02 de Nanche; CPI02 y CPI09 de Piquín; CSO01, CSO02 y CSO03 de Solterito; y CTA02 y CTA05 del tipo Tabiche. Las diferencias entre morfotipos se confirmaron mediante un análisis discriminante múltiple y las distancias de Mahalanobis. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran diferencias entre y dentro de morfotipos de C. annuum, y los valores del contenido de minerales reportados muestran que, el chile es un alimento con alto valor nutricional porque 100 g de peso seco potencialmente pueden suplir las necesidad diarias de Cu, Mg, P, y una proporción importante de Fe, Zn y K, entre otros elementos.

Background: Malnutrition is a major health problem in developed and developing countries, and in Latino American, a viable option is reconsider the pre-Columbian and traditional diets based on endemic species. In Mesoamerica, the chilli or pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) played an important role, and its contribution remain until today in the Mexican gastronomy. Objective: the aim of the present work was to evaluate the variation among and within five morphotypes of pepper (C. annuum L.) native of Oaxaca, Mexico, in relation to minerals content in fruits. Methods: a collection of 45 population samples of chilli pepper, which were grouped in five morphotypes named as chile de Agua, Tabiche, Piquin, Solterito and Nanche, and later planted in greenhouse conditions under a complete blocks randomized design with three replications. At harvest time a fruit samples from 300 to 500 g per population were obtained, and later the samples were incinerated to obtain ashes, which were solubilized in acid medium. The determinations of Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and Ca were done by atomic absorption spectrometry, and the S and P elements were quantified by an UV-vis spectrometer. Results: in the analysis of variance, significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined among and within morphotypes of C. annuum over all macro and trace elements. Solterito presented the highest values in eight mineral elements, after Piquin and chile de Agua were the second more important. In Fe content, Piquin and Solterito showed high values between 8.0 and 8.5 mg/100 g of dry sample weight. Into each morphotype, the outstanding populations were: CAG03 and CAG10 from chile de Agua; CNA02 of Nanche; CPI02 and CPI09 of Piquin type; CSO01, CSO02 and CSO03 from Solterito; and CTA02 and CTA05 from Tabiche type. The differences among morphotypes were confirmed in the multiple discriminant analysis and the Mahalanobis' distances. Conclusions: The results showed differences among and within morfotypes of C. annuum, and the minerals content reported indicate that, the chilli pepper is a food with high nutritional values. In fact 100 g of dry weight, potentially can supply the dairy needs of Cu, Mg, P and an important proportion of the needs of Fe, Zn and K, among other nutritional elements.

En la población Canaria, la función de Framingham estima mejor el riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular que la función SCORE / Framingham function estimates the risk of cardio vascular mortality more effectively than SCORE function in the population of the Canary Islands (Spain)

Objetivos: Comparar la estimación de eventos cardiovasculares fatales con las funciones de Framingham y SCORE, además de explorar su capacidad para detectar el riesgo aportado por factores no incluidos en sus ecuaciones: sedentarismo, obesidad, perímetro abdominal, razón abdomen/estatura, razón abdomen/pelvis y consumo excesivo de alcohol. Métodos: Estudio transversal de 5.289 personas, de 30 a 69 años de edad, obtenidas por muestreo aleatorio en la población general de Canarias. Se calibraron las funciones de Framingham y SCORE, y se estimó su concordancia. Se obtuvo, para estas edades, la tasa poblacional de mortalidad cardiovascular y se confrontó con el riesgo predicho por las funciones. Resultados: En los hombres, la tasa de mortalidad por 100.000 habitantes fue de 67,4, en tanto que la estimación de Framingham, SCORE-Low y SCORE-High fue de 80, 140 y 270, respectivamente. En las mujeres, frente a una tasa de 19,3, la estimación fue de 30, 50 y 70, respectivamente. Ambas funciones detectaron el incremento del riesgo aportado por los factores estudiados, con la excepción, en las mujeres, del sedentarismo con SCORE y del consumo excesivo de alcohol con ambas funciones. En los hombres, tomando para Framingham los puntos de corte de >12%, >15% y >20%, la concordancia con SCORE-Low produjo una Kappa de 0,6, 0,7 y 0,5, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La función de Framingham estimó mejor las tasas de mortalidad que la función SCORE. Únicamente la función de Framingham detectó en ambos sexos el riesgo cardiovascular aportado por el sedentarismo. En Canarias recomendamos la aplicación de la función de Framingham calibrada (AU)

Introduction: To compare the performance of the Framingham and SCORE functions to estimate fatal cardiovascular events. In addition, we explored the ability of both functions to detect the risk contributed by factors not included in their equations: sedentariness, obesity, abdominal circumference, abdomen/height razón, abdomen/pelvis ratio, and excessive alcohol consumption. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 5,289 individuals aged 30 to 69 years old, recruited by random sampling of the general population of the Canary Islands. We calibrated the Framingham and SCORE functions and estimated their concordance. The cardiovascular mortality rate for the population in this age range was compared with the risk predicted by the two functions. Results: Among males, the mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 67.4, while the Framingham, SCORE-low and SCORE-high estimations were 80, 140, and 270, respectively. Among females, the mortality rate was 19.3 while the estimations were 30, 50, and 70, respectively. Both functions detected the increased risk contributed by the factors studied, except for sedentariness among females with SCORE, and excessive alcohol consumption with both functions. Among males, taking cut points of > 12%, > 15%, and > 20% for Framingham, the concordance with SCORE-low yielded Kappa values of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.5, respectively. Conclusions: The Framingham function yielded the best estimate of cardiovascular mortality rates. Only Framingham detected the cardiovascular risk contributed by sedentariness in both genders. We recommend the use of the calibrated Framingham function for this population (AU)

[Framingham function estimates the risk of cardio vascular mortality more effectively than SCORE function in the population of the Canary Islands (Spain)]. / En la población Canaria, la función de Framingham estima mejor el riesgo de mortalidad cardiovascular que la función SCORE.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the performance of the Framingham and SCORE functions to estimate fatal cardiovascular events. In addition, we explored the ability of both functions to detect the risk contributed by factors not included in their equations: sedentariness, obesity, abdominal circumference, abdomen/height razón, abdomen/pelvis ratio, and excessive alcohol consumption. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 5,289 individuals aged 30 to 69 years old, recruited by random sampling of the general population of the Canary Islands. We calibrated the Framingham and SCORE functions and estimated their concordance. The cardiovascular mortality rate for the population in this age range was compared with the risk predicted by the two functions. RESULTS: Among males, the mortality rate per 100,000 inhabitants was 67.4, while the Framingham, SCORE-low and SCORE-high estimations were 80, 140, and 270, respectively. Among females, the mortality rate was 19.3 while the estimations were 30, 50, and 70, respectively. Both functions detected the increased risk contributed by the factors studied, except for sedentariness among females with SCORE, and excessive alcohol consumption with both functions. Among males, taking cut points of > or = 12%, > or = 15%, and > or = 20% for Framingham, the concordance with SCORE-low yielded Kappa values of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.5, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Framingham function yielded the best estimate of cardiovascular mortality rates. Only Framingham detected the cardiovascular risk contributed by sedentariness in both genders. We recommend the use of the calibrated Framingham function for this population.

Functional outcome after facial allograft transplantation in rats.

BACKGROUND: Full face, hemiface and facial subunit transplants have been reported before. However, the functional recovery of the face transplant largely remains unknown. The mystacial pad (also known as the vibrissal or whiskers region) is the main sensorimotor unit in rats' faces. We included the mystacial region in the hemifacial flap of the rat, and our aim was to study its functional recovery after transplant. METHODS: Hemifacial flaps were transplanted from Brown-Norway RT(n) to Wistar-Lewis RT(l) rats, under tapered doses of tacrolimus immunosuppression monotherapy (8 mg/Kg/day to 2mg/Kg/day after 4 weeks). Group I (n=12) was the anatomic study group, in which the harvesting technique of the flap was trial run and angiographies of the flap were obtained. In group II (n=12), non-vascularized hemifacial allografts were transplanted. Group III (n=24) was the vascularized hemiface allotransplant group. This was divided into two subgroups relating to nerve repairs. In subgroup III(a) (n=12) no nerve repairs were performed, while in subgroup III(b) (n=12) the zygomaticoorbital, bucolabial and upper marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve, and the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve were repaired. Clinical, neurophysiological and histological studies were performed to evaluate the recovery of the mystacial region after six weeks. RESULTS: In group I the hemifacial flap harvesting technique to include the mystacial region was established, and angiographies confirmed a rich axial vascular network in the flaps. All grafts in group II necrosed. In group III, each procedure required an average of 7h (range 5-11). Of this group, 75% of the rats survived for 8 weeks. In subgroup III(a) no signs of recovery were noted, whilst in subgroup III(b) clinical, neurophysiological and histological recovery were found in face transplant recipients after 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The hemifacial flap including the mystacial region could be transplanted successfully in the rat model. Face allotransplants in which nerves were repaired showed clinical, neurophysiological and histological signs of recovery.

Actualización en el diagnóstico de los desequilibrios ácido-básicos / Diagnosis Update of Acid-Base Imbalances

Los desequilibrios ácido-básicos son muy frecuentes en los pacientes ingresados en las unidades de terapia intensiva y pueden ser extremadamente peligrosos (pH <7 ó > 7.7) en los pacientes críticos, debido a que generalmente estos pacientes tienen múltiples factores que condicionan pérdidas y/o ingresos de ácidos y menos frecuentemente bases. Aunque en ocasiones estos desequilibrios no necesitan tratamiento inmediato, su diagnóstico sí constituye una fuente de información valiosa sobre su etiología. Como el uso de la metodología para el diagnóstico muchas veces es un poco complejo y demora el tratamiento, decidimos realizar una revisión sobre el tema y la confección de las tablas según las fórmulas para que se realice un diagnóstico más confiable y rápido(AU)

The acid-base imbalances are very frequent in patients admitted in an intensive care unit, and they can be extremely dangerous (pH <7 or >7.7) in critical patients because generally these patients have manifold factors that condition acid losses and/or incomes and less frequently bases. Although these imbalances do not need immediate treatment at times, their diagnosis constitute a valuable source of information about its ethiology. Seeing that the use of the methodology to make the diagnosis often delays the treatment, because of being a little complex, by the multiple calculations that are to be made, we made the tables according to established forms, so that a more reliable and faster diagnosis of the acid-base imbalances is made, which is essential in the critical patients(AU)

Evaluation of smoking cessation behaviors and interventions among Latino smokers at low-income clinics in a US-Mexico border county.

A descriptive study of 94 Latino smokers receiving nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in US-Mexico border clinics in El Paso County, Texas was conducted. A baseline questionnaire and two follow-up telephone surveys (8-12 weeks and 6 months) were administered to evaluate smoking habits, behaviors, and cessation interventions. Participants reported an average daily cigarette consumption of 15 cigarettes and smoked within 30 min of waking (44%). Primary motivations for quitting were personal health (95%), family's health (74%), and doctor's advice (71%). Female smokers were more likely to smoke due to being anxious (p=0.012), not being able to sleep (p=0.02), or to feel thin (p=0.002). Male smokers were more likely to smoke when drinking alcohol (p=0.005). Nearly 40% of smokers reported they had never tried to quit before. Medication use at baseline was 82% patch, 53% lozenge, 29% gum, and 24% bupropion (combination therapy permitted). At 8-12 weeks, nearly two-thirds of patients were quit and 44% remained quit at six months. Smoking habits, behaviors, and successful cessation interventions among Latinos in a US-Mexico border community were identified.

Vía intraósea como alternativa en pacientes con deshidratación grave / Intrabony way as an alternative in patients with serious dehydration

El establecimiento de un acceso a la circulación es imprescindible en pacientes con deshidratación grave. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, de intervención en el Hospital de Fort-Liberté y Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente Mártires de Las Tunas, en el período comprendido entre Agosto 2002 Noviembre 2004 y Diciembre 2004 Junio 2006 respectivamente. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por 64 pacientes con deshidratación grave a los cuales no se le había podido acceder a una vía venosa periférica en los primeros 5 minutos y a los cuales se decidió introducirle una vía intraósea, mientras que el grupo control quedó formado por 64 pacientes con las mismas características clínicas, pero que se hidrataron por la vía intravenosa, como vía electiva. En ambos grupos había 48 pacientes menores de un año. Las variables que se analizaron fueron: tiempo de acceso a la circulación, velocidad de la infusión en cc/kg/hr, tiempo de corrección de los trastornos de perfusión y complicaciones. Los resultados fueron analizados por métodos estadísticos simples y representados en gráficos. Se concluyó que la vía intraósea fue abordada mas rápidamente, la velocidad del goteo de la infusión fue similar en ambas vías y las complicaciones no contraindican la vía intraósea, resultando ser esta tan efectiva como la vía intravenosa y que como se puede obtener con mayor rapidez se recomienda se extienda su uso como vía alternativa en todos los pacientes críticos donde no se puede canalizar rápidamente una vía venosa(AU)

The establishment of an access to the circulation is essential in patients with serious dehydration. A longitudinal study of intervention was made. It began in August 2002 November 2004 in Fort-Liberte (Haiti) and ended at “Mártires de Las Tunas” Children's Hospital of December 2004 - June 2006. The training group was constituted by 64 patients with serious dehydration to whom it had not been possible to access to a peripheral venous way in the first 5 minutes and to whom it was decided to introduce an intrabony way. The control group was formed by 64 patients with the same clinical characteristics, but that were hydrated by the intravenous way, as an elective way. In both groups there were 48 patients under one year old. The analyzed variables were: access time to the circulation, speed of the infusion in cc/kg/hr, time of correction of the disturbances of perfusion and complications. The results were analyzed by simple and statistical methods represented in graphs. It was concluded that the intrabony way was used quicker, the speed of the dripping of the infusion was similar in both ways and complications do not contraindicate the intrabony way, turning out to be this as effective as the intravenouse way, and that as it is possible to be obtained faster it is recommended to extend its use as an alternative way in all the critical patients where a venous way cannot be canalized quickly(AU)

Providers of herbal products in the largest US-Mexico border community.

We surveyed providers of herbal products in El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, México, to find out which herbal products they used, the content and place of origin of the products, and the illnesses for which the products were recommended. Providers were selected randomly from Ciudad Juárez and El Paso. Most of the herbal products sold in El Paso (98%) are from the United States, whereas most sold in Ciudad Juárez (89.6%) are from México. People in El Paso tend to consume herbal or natural supplements for weight loss or muscle enhancement; those in Ciudad Juárez use herbal products (mostly crude plants) to treat specific illnesses. Ciudad Juárez and El Paso are bordering cities; however, the herbal products consumed by their respective populations are distinct, both in content and method of use.

Guide for herbal product use by Mexican Americans in the largest Texas-Mexico border community.

Use of herbal products is a very common practice among Mexican Americans living in the El Paso, Texas, region. Although medicinal plants are generally assumed to be a safe and natural alternative to conventional medications, some herbal products could pose a potential health risk to the consumer. Currently, only a few studies focus on herbal product use by Mexican Americans, and no studies have focused on its use by patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HN) living on the US-Mexico border. A prospective observational study was conducted in 439 non-HIV patients, as well as in 35 patients suffering from HIV Findings showed that 347 out of 439 (79%) of non-HIV patients and 25 out of 35 (71%) of HIV patients reported using herbal products.

Herbal product use in non-HIV and HIV-positive Hispanic patients.

PURPOSE: The primary endpoint of this study was to determine the prevalence of herbal product use by a sample of Mexican-American patients in the El Paso, TX region. Even though medicinal plants are popularly assumed to be a safe and natural alternative to conventional medications, some herbal products may pose a potential health risk to the consumer. Currently, there are few studies related to herbal use by Mexican Americans and none in HIV patients living on the U.S./México border. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in hospitals and clinics throughout the El Paso region area. A semistructured interview was conducted by trained bilingual interviewers. A 45-item bilingual questionnaire was used to collect the information. RESULTS: A total of 439 non-HIV patients as well as 35 patients afflicted with HIV participated in the study. Seventy-nine percent (347/439) of non-HIV and 71% (25/35) of HIV patients reported using herbal products. The percentages of herbal use among the two groups did not show any statistically significant differences (p=0.29), and both groups reflected that herbal products are commonly used. CONCLUSIONS: The use of herbal products was very common among non-HIV (79%) and HIV-positive (71%) Mexican-Americans patients in the El Paso region.